Global Warming And Its Effect On The World - 1036 Words

The definition of Global warming is; a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. Global warming is a very big issue that is slowly affecting the whole world. Climate change has been studied since the early 1970’s, and scientist of many different fields are agreeing that global warming’s effects are increasing at a rapid pace. Global Warming was not yet taken serious until the 1960 s when the scientist found out that Global Warming would effect the food supply, and the ocean s would increase, which is a threat to the human society. The temperature which has fluctuated over†¦show more content†¦The greenhouse gases has increased since the Industrial Revelation, 1750. Humans began burning the fossil fuels, (coal), to operate the big steam engines and generate electricity. Burning fossil fuels released ca rbonixade into the atmosphere which has caused the green house gas. Humans can die from too much carbonixade, that is why you get sleep if you are in a closed garage with the engine of your car on and windows down. You will fall asleep and suffocate and die. Other countries have been taking many steps to reduce their carbon footprints on the world, Steps such as creating the international treaty known as the â€Å"Kyoto protocol† with 174 countries ratifying the protocol, with a major exception being the United States. The protocol requires industrial countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases using various means and technologies. There are other ways that we can all do to help out with the prevention with Global Warming. We can drive eco-friendly cars, or car pool, so less fuel goes in the atmosphere. We can all recycle, in this school alone CCBC has

Econ Free Essays

Two main vulnerabilities of the diamond industry: price of diamond linked to supply and value diamond linked to belief that they are rare and therefore special, and thus suitable token of sentiment. Dabbers exercised monopoly power by effectively controlling production and distribution of diamonds, thus controlling supply and ability to control pricing. When the market started to shift as other sources of diamonds were discovered, Dabbers still held an advantaged position as they had sole control of the distributors, which gave them the power and Influence to broker a deal with these emerging suppliers. We will write a custom essay sample on Econ or any similar topic only for you Order Now This combined with a large and successful marketing campaign Increased sentimental value and perception of scarcity, which Increased consumer’s willingness to pay the prices, set by the cartel. The perception of scarcity ultimately made demand Inelastic, and allowed for Dabbers to set an optimal linear price. While price discrimination is often seen as the best way to increase consumer surplus and minimize dead weight loss, in Dabbers case, as is the case with many luxury goods, its high price signals its value to the consumer, and the consumer can then signal their status to others when the wear he product. The difficulty of diamond mining lent itself to a spirit of cooperation out of necessity. It is not an undertaking that could be done successfully on a small scale, and it was impossible to know for certain which land claim was â€Å"lucky’ and would produce a good output. This, in addition to problematic mining conditions over time, lead to the cooperative partnerships between the miners. This laid the groundwork for the formation of the Dabbers cartel. The idea of collusion between the suppliers to form a monopoly was perceived as a rare opportunity to exercise market control over apply and price. A better resolution for the dispute with the Israeli dealers might have been to attempt to address the issue influencing their actions (worries about financial security during an economic depression) by offering support O. E. Stock options) rather than pointed threats, they could have avoided the damage done to the diamond market, as well as relations with other members of the cartel. While the actions they took did showcase the cartels authority, and signal to those In the cartel that defection would not be tolerated, It also exposed the fallibility of the cartel, and ultimately signaled the beginning of the end the diamond monopoly. The Soviets had the leverage to take down the cartel In Its entirety, as they provided the largest supply of the highest quality diamonds, and had the means to produce and distribute at a competitive price. When the cold war ended and the state no longer held sole control of the Soviet diamond industry, as well as a Canada monopoly had passed for the cartel. No longer able to control the market, Dabbers reorganized itself into an efficient and highly competitive vertically integrated model. How to cite Econ, Papers Econ Free Essays In order the units are: 1. Analyzing and measuring the size of the economy. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Econ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Explaining, measuring and analyzing how prices and inflation are determined in the long-run. 3. Explaining the determination and measurement of unemployment in the long-run. 4. Analyzing and interpreting the role of financial markets (including exchange rates) in the economy. 5. Analyzing the business cycle and recommending appropriate fiscal and monetary policy. Course Description: This course will consist of on-line lectures and hands-on activities. All of the work to be handed in will take lace through Papilla. You will need to complete the readings and you need to complete them before lecture. Studies show that reading before lecture improves exam performance, on average, by 22%. This is a free lunch: you have to do the reading sometime, so by doing it earlier rather than later you will boost your grade without any extra work! Textbook: Principles of Economics for GUCCI, by N. Gregory Manama. Coinage Learning. The Economics department has negotiated a custom bundle of the textbook, along with an Papilla, subscription for $87. 50. The Papilla obstruction includes access to the digital edition of the textbook. This is the least costly option. You should purchase a copy ahead of time, or have the bookstore ship the textbook to you (be sure to allow plenty of shipping time). Alternatively, you can purchase a stand alone access to Papilla (which includes the e-book version of the textbook) for $134 for one quarter of access and $149 for two quarters of access. The course web page will provide detailed instructions on how to access the course Papilla site. You need to have access to Papilla by the start of the course. If you don’t purchase a copy from the bookstore you will have to purchase the more expensive stand alone access to Papilla. Communication in an Online Class Almost all communication will take place through the forums on the class website. There is a forum set up for general questions. You will also be assigned a TA. Questions that are not appropriate for the general forum should be directed first to the TA. If it is a question that can only be answered by the professor, then the TA will forward your message along. Office hours are by appointment. There are many dents enrolled in this course, so it may take 1-2 business days to receive a reply. The class is located at http://summer. Learn. Gucci. Du. The GAP is a set of voluntary multiple choice questions (90 in total each week with a Sunday at 1 1 :45 p. M. Deadline) that you can work through in Papilla to earn up to 450 points that are added to your total points used to compute your letter grade. There is no penalty for not participating: every question that you answer correctly will earn you an additional point. The GAP questions are open-book. Therefore, with the GAP oh can insure yourself against a lower than expected grade on the midterm and final exam by completing additional work. The GAP is a great opportunity to earn the letter grade that you hope to achieve! Example of GAP: To see how the GAP might work for you consider the following hypothetical scenario. A student received 630 Assignment points (90%), 400 Midterm points (80%), 700 Final points (70%) and 280 Participation points (93%). Without doing any of the GAP work, this student would receive a total score of 2010 (80%) which would translate to a letter grade of B. Now suppose that this student correctly answered 50 GAP questions each week in Papilla. Then the GAP would increase the total score by 250 points, bringing the total to 2260 or a letter grade of A-. The GAP program allows you to put in as much work as you want, through studying hard for the exams or working through the GAP assignments, to earn the grade you deserve. Page 2 of 5 A Remark on Academic Honesty: It is the university policy that academic dishonesty is unacceptable and will not be tolerated at the University of California, Irvine. Here is hat I expect: ; All exams are closed note/closed book exams. With the exception of assignments, you may not receive or elicit assistance from another person or student. ; I define cheating as using the aid of notes, books, other students, or any programs in a calculator. Code of Conduct All participants in the course are bound by the University of California Code of Conduct, found at http://www. Cop. Du/chophouse/accorder/subspecies/ass/ chuck. HTML. Students with Disabilities: If you need support or assistance because of a d isability, you may be eligible for accommodations or services through the Disability Services Center at US Irvine. For more information, contact this office at (949) 824-7494 (voice), (949) 824-6272 (TTY), at www. Disability. Gucci. Du or stop by the center at Building 313 on the US Irvine map. A Remark about Electronic Communications: This course has a number of â€Å"social media† outlets to increase interaction. I may choose to not answer some of your questions. Some questions may require you to see me in person. Since all communication in this course will be written it is important to be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of on-line communication. The advantages are that you have more opportunity for careful and thoughtful expression. The disadvantages are that it misses more subtle communication cues such as body language and tone. Please be aware that there is always the possibility of miscommunication and compose your comments in a positive, supportive and constructive manner. Course Schedule (tentative): Date 7/28 Issue Introduction to Class Course Orientation Become familiar with the course website and Papilla. Measuring and analyzing the size of the economy (caps. 23- 25) 2 8/04 3 8/11 How to cite Econ, Papers

Top-Down Network Design (3rd edition)

Question: Discuss about the Top-Down Network Design (3rd edition). Answer: The assignment is based upon creating an IT network for Farmers for Farmers (3F) co-operative society. The society is based in Australia and mainly dealing with crop sale and distribution. As earlier due to untimely sales of the crops leads to loss of farmers so they have decided to create an own online platform. The society will now contact directly with the clients without any intermediate so that they can earn more and compete with the supermarkets in terms of market share. This will facilitate them with the timely sales and distribution of the crop they have produced. 3Fwill operate from a small office in Rockhampton. When a customer places an order using the web interface of 3F or over the phone, the order will be processed using a proprietary software algorithm of 3F. The Software will help them in creating a checklist as well as timely delivery of the crops to the consumers. They have also wanted on time communication system between the administrative center, vehicle and the f armer support centers. Our company got this contract from the company for the development of the software which will be maximizing customers experience and farmers sell as well as earning. Requirements: The software system, as well as the IT network, will have satisfied and address the requirements of the farmers. There are some requirements, these are; Web-based platform fro the sales and promotion of the crops . This will help the society to directly contact with the farmers without any intermediate. Communication system between the administrative office, distribution vehicle, and farmers support centers. Software need to be enables banking facility for the farmers. Secure Network system. Online system in the vehicle as well as in the farmers places so that quick delivery to the distribution centers as well as directly to the customer's Overall the requirements are to create a network design which can comply with these requirements. The network must be equipped with on time communication system over one server so that each of the three objects like the administrator office, vehicles, and the farmer support center can operate. The security of the network is another concern which is needed to be take in concern as this will help the organization in effective operation. The security issue will be minimized by taking appropriate action regarding the issue. The banking operation, which is another requirement by the co-operative society requires high tech security from any kind of cyber threat. Assumptions: I have taken some assumptions regarding the following scenarios, these are The network will be installed between three objects of the whole operation. There will be need of a database or a cloud storage system which will be used to store the datas and informations related to the consumers and the business. The whole operation will require an administrator who will see the whole operation and maintain the security of the organization. These are some additional requirements or the assumptions which I have taken for the whole operation. The additional requirements will be taken into consideration for proper operation and function of the network system. The Logical Diagram: Logical Network Diagram Explanation: The network topology is the systematic arrangement of the different components which is used in the communication. This could be nodes, connecting lines and server arrangements of the organizations. There are different network topologies which can be used for the communication network arrangements. These are Mesh, Bus, Star, tree, and ring; all of the five have different properties and advantages (Forouzan, 2007) The above-shown network diagram is one of the required network topologies for the organization. The following network topology is the ring topology which is one o the network topology used in the networking. There are different reasons behind the selection of the Ring topology for the organization. Logical Network Justification: Ring topology is considered as one of the secured network topologies for the business environment. As in this Ring, topology has some advantages such as High security to the server and the system. In a ring topology, the workstation will be connected as a ring means in a closed loop condition the adjacent t pair of the workstation are directly connected whereas other are indirectly connected with each other in which all the traffic moves either in clockwise or anti-clockwise directions. The security is considered as the main concern of the organization so as the security of the 3F co-operative society is needed to be upgraded. The operation of the 3F co-operative society requires banking system which will be needed for the proper operation of the organization. The security of each transaction and the security of the organization is utmost requirement so Ring topology will be one of the best network topologies to apply over the organizational infrastructure (Peterson and Davie, 2011). The logical diagram which is based upon Ring topology is used to connect the administrative building, farmer support system, farmer system and the distribution vehicle. These are interconnected to each other which will benefit the organization for proper and secure operation. There are two security systems which are used for the protection of the database and the server. As each component of the network system is connected via a server through which the information made available to each place. Security of the server is important to prevent any kind of security breach into the system. The administrative building, farmer support, farmer system and the connected via Ring topology so when a customer put an order into the website this will directly share with the distribution vehicle and the farmer system. Each farmer has unique ID and Password which they can use to log in into respective accounts. Once they confirm about the availability of the crops which are demanded by the customer t he administration will notify the distribution vehicle. Distribution vehicle will be need to be informed about the farmer's place and the delivery address. These will make the work more quick and effective by implementing these steps. The network topology which is used in this will facilitate the organization to effectively communicate with each other so that they can work properly without time delay. Addressing and Naming: The network layers should be structured and planned for effective operation of the organization and the established network diagram. The numbers should be planned and administrated, the numbering helps in maintaining and troubleshooting the networks. There are many different vintage networks where the numbering of the network was not done that make them hard to troubleshoot. There are the different advantage of the addressing and numbering of the networking protocol. This help the technical persons while troubleshooting the organization's establishments and helps in recognizing the device which is needed to troubleshoot. In the case of this network architecture, I have used structured model for network layer addressing which means the addresses are meaningful and hierarchical as well as planned. An IP address will be provided to the network created for the 3F co-operative society further I will subnet the network address this is considered as structured or hierarchical model for IP a ddressing. The well established and planned IP address helps an organization in creating and maintains the network. The structure will make it easy to understand, create and maintain the network for the organization. The network has different routers, modems and other security and network components which are needed to be numbered and addressed. This will help in the troubleshooting and take security measures such as installing firewalls. In the above-mentioned Network diagram the components are numbered as well as perfectly addressed. IP addresses are either local or public, public addresses are uniquely distributed and registered with a numbering authority. The IP of the CO-operative society is also registered and unique so that this can be accessed from anywhere. The IP can be allocated by three different ways such as Automatic, manual and Dynamic (Oppenheimer, 2010). The list of routing and switching protocols: There are different choices regarding the switching and routing of the network establishments. Switching can be done via Layer 2 transparent switching , multilayer switching and span tree protocol enhancements. Apart from that, the Routing can be done by Static or dynamic process, distance vector and link state protocols and interior and exterior method. The selection criterion for the routing and switching is based upon different aspects which are; Network traffic characteristics Bandwidth, memory, and CPU usage The number of peers supported The capability to adapt to changes quickly Support for authentication These are some of the criterias which are needed for the switching and routing of the network components. Another aspect of the switching and routing is making decisions, the goal must be known and established as well the consequence with the decision should be investigated for perfect operation control (Oppenheimer, 2010). There are different routing protocols from which we have selected the best-suited option for the organization. There are the routing protocols for the organizations, Classifying Routing Protocols (3.1.4.1) ii) IGP and EGP Routing Protocols (3.1.4.2) iii) Distance Vector Routing Protocols (3.1.4.3) iv) Link-State Routing Protocols (3.1.4.4) v) Classful Routing Protocols (3.1.4.5) vi) Classless Routing Protocols (3.1.4.6) These are some of the routing protocols which can be selected for the organization. We have selected the Distance vector routing protocol for the organization as this can be a better option for perfect and effective operation. Distance Vector Routing Protocols: The selected protocol is the Distance vector routing protocol which mainly use the router as a sign post and it does not have proper knowledge about the path which is being used. Only information which they know is the distance and the direction from which they have to go. There are four different IPV4 IGPs (Oppenheimer, 2010). The list of security mechanisms: The security of the organization is an important aspect as this requires proper attention and focus for proper and secure operation. The networking team involved in the planning and the operation of the network will take different measures for the security of the network architecture. There need proper planning for the security of the organization from physical security to the logical security of the organization. Physical security: Whether the components of the network are perfectly installed and maintained. The computer room should have proper protection from unauthorized access. The server room should be locked and well maintained so that any kind of threat from eh disasters like fire and flood does not impact the organization's stored data and information. The server room must be locked and unauthorized access into the room must be prevented. The information must be backup to an external drive for future use and access. Logical Security: To prevent any kind of attacks on the organization's server can do by proper security measures. Logical security mainly uses software to allow access to the system for only some individuals based upon who they are and what their position within the organization. The logical security protects the system by access codes. For the logical security of the organization from any outer attack, the organization must provide an access code to the organization employees so that only they can access the system and other will not be allowed to enter into the system. If a system is open that will automatically lock if not any action is being taken by the working personal, this will improve the security of the System and important files stored in the system (Sherwood 2005, 38). Security Measures: The security in an organization is a collective effort from all of the employees and also from the management. There are different reasons behind the data breach in an organization. There are different data breach situation which is generally faced by the organizations. There are the different reason behind the security breach into an organization server and database. Lowe security establishment or human error can be considered as two loopholes which initiate security issues. According to security advisor of BT, the main problem is data being emailed to someone else. This is one of the security mishaps which could not be handled by the IT security expert and in this case the organizations must educate the working staffs. Every organization follows some security matrices which are approved and instructed by the government of the Country. The security matrices generally are used to provide security to informations related to the organization. There are different matrices which were app lied to the network security, but educating the staffs regarding the security matrices and the regulation will make a perfect security condition (Barry. 2012) . We have created a security setup which will be used to maintain the security of the organization. The network is protected by Security system and firewall protection. The firewall protection will prevent any kind of unauthorized access to the organization. The server is secured by a security system which will prevent any kind of security breach into the system. In most of the cases, the intruders take the benefit of the unsecured or poorly secured server for entering into the organization's system. The human factor also plays a significant role in the security of the organization. The security is considered as a collective approach which is aimed to maintain A preventive approach regarding the security of the organization (Vacca, 2013). Human resources and security: Human resources of a company play an important role in the security of the organization as they are responsible for the security and functionality of the organization. The security awareness among the staffs is considered as an important and required aspect to prevent any kind of threat. The threat which is related to the security aspect of the organization is a security breach to the server of the company, system hacking, and other malicious activities. A better awareness about the protection and the threat will minimize the chance of any attack on the organization. The organization has arranged some training to the employees so that they can recognize the malicious attack over the system. The training is conducted in the presence of technical experts who make them understand the kind of threats they may have to face in future. The staffs of the organization have a unique ID and password which is provided by the organization for the secure login into the system. The firewall protect ions into the system recognize the unauthorized access and block it from entering the server. If an employee came into attack form a malicious mail and checked it from the system, then the hacker will get a way to enter into the server. As all of the members are using the same server so there will be chances that the entire organizational informations may face data breach problem (Barry, 2012). Implementing a Security matrix is an essential thing for each company. In the year 2000, National security of standard and federal government releases a document which covers some of the necessary steps so that companies can protect their data. The security matrix mainly is mainly created by the companies so that they can check out the security preparation in the organization (Calder Watkin 2010, 50). Reference: Oppenheimer, P. (2010) Top-down network design (3rd edition). 3rd end. Indianapolis, IN: Cisco Press Peterson, L.L. and Davie, B.S. (2011) Computer networks, fifth edition: A systems approach (the Morgan Kaufmann series in networking). 5th edn. Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers In Sherwood, N.A., Sherwood, J., Clark, A. and Lynas, D. (2005) Enterprise security architecture: A business-driven approach. United Kingdom: Elsevier Science. Forouzan, B.A. and Fegan, S.C. (2003) Data communications and networking. 3rd edn. New York: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math. Calder, A. and Watkins, S. (2015) IT governance: An international guide to data security and ISO27001/ISO27002. United Kingdom: Kogan Page. Software Used: Edraw Max for the Network design Vacca, J.R. (2013) Computer and information security handbook. 2nd edn. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers In. Barry, Coldewey, (2012), Correlation Between Human Factors and the Prevention of Disasters. IOS Press